Mkt Plan-Popcorn Store in Hk

1. 0 Executive Summary We are preparing to open a popcorn specialty shop in Hong Kong, the Pop Popcorn Shop. Hong Kong is a famous international tourism city and it successfully received more than 42 million tourists in the past year. Hong Kong has its unique culture and the Hong Kong film culture is one of the most remarkable one. Therefore, our Pop Popcorn Shop will closely integrated with the Hong Kong film culture, and create a well-known local brand image, which can attractive to local residents who like to eat popcorn or like to see movies, and the tourists who interest in the Hong Kong culture or movies.We can effectively compete with other popcorn store because we offer a high quality, various tasty flavors, as well as healthy popcorn with value price to consumers. More importantly, we provide customize service, which customers can make their own flavor popcorn and even the packages according to their preference. The particular customize service as well as the film culture br and image is our two brightest spots, which can make us distinguish with other competitors and become our distinct competencies.The marketing objective in the first year is to build up our brand awareness through our various marketing communication methods and we will continue to focus on increasing our brand equity in the next two years. The primary financial objectives are to achieve first-year sales revenue of HKD1,580,000 (USD 203,820) and reach profitability. The revenue will be expected to increase by 12% in the second year and 15% in the third year. 2. 0 Service Description Popcorn is a popular  snack food  at sporting events and in  cinemas, where it has been served since 1914.Hong Kong, a dynamic Asian metropolis that attracts numerous tourists and businessmen, global or Asian, every year, has been deeply influenced by the western movie culture and gradually developed it very own local movie culture, which is a robust branch of Hong Kong local culture, leading Hong Ko ng to be such a huge market for film industry. Benefiting from this significantly growing movie market and the saying that popcorn is always the best company in theaters, Hong Kong would be our ideal place that gives us incentive to locate our Pop Popcorn Shop in this prosperous city.Specifically, our popcorn shop will be opened at Langham Place, one of the most popular shopping mall located in the very heart of Hong Kong, which has a magical gravitation that attracts numerous local residents and tourists. Moreover, with its world-class equipment, fascinating settings, and consensus images of fashion, the UA cinema at the 8th floor in Langham Place is the nearly the most popular movie theater that has not only the highest attendance rate but also the best box office in Hong Kong.Thus, the needs from the people who are going to a movie in UA cinema would be so huge that can be a large target market, waiting our popcorn specialty store to satisfy. In addition, our specialty store, Pop Popcorn, not only aims to offer high-quality, various tasty flavors, as well as healthy popcorn with value price to consumers, but also provides customized service that customers can make their own flavors popcorn and even design their own popcorn packages, as well as customize their distinctive popcorn tins.Moreover, nine regular flavors popcorn will be provided in Pop Popcorn — sugar, buttery, caramel, cheese, chocolate, barbecue, rainbow, spicy, and mustard — which is a wide range from classic flavor to popular special flavors. Additionally, two different packages, bags or tins, with five different sizes — small, medium, large, 1 gallon, or 2 gallon — would be offered to our customers to select. Essentially, the most distinctive feature of Pop Popcorn will be the combination of popcorn and Hong Kong local movie culture.In our shop, everything is about film. From the in-store decoration, display of popcorn, our staff costume, to the packing of our popc orn are all designed based on the characteristics of Hong Kong local movies. Above all, customers can also design the packing of their popcorn with one of their favorite movies, which can be a wonderful souvenir from themselves, as well as a distinctive gift for their friends. 3. 0 SWOT Analysis 3. 1 Strengths 1. Exclusive location — Langham Place is one of the most famous shopping mall located in the very heart of Hong Kong.It has attracted numerous local residents and tourists. Specifically, the UA cinema at the 8th floor in Langham Place is the one of the most popular movie theater that has not only the highest attendance rate but also the best box office in Hong Kong. 5 This exclusive location will provide an intense collection with our target customers. 2. Distinctive decorations and packaging design of our shop – In Pop Popcorn Shop, everything is relative to films. The film elements in our store will generate one the most significant points-of-difference compare to other popcorn stores. 3.Various tasty and even customized flavors of popcorn – Pop popcorn store will regularly provide nine flavors of popcorn to the customers. More important, we will be the first popcorn shop to provide customized flavors service. 3. 2 Weaknesses 1. Brand awareness — As a new popcorn shop, we would not have much brand awareness and brand equity at the very beginning. 2. Customer accession — Regarding to those customers who are going to a movie, our shop location will not be the most convenient place for them to buy popcorn compared to the snack store located inside the theater.It’s one of the disadvantages when we compete with the snack stores inside the theaters. 3. 3 Opportunities 1. Film culture is one of the most prominent characteristics of Hong Kong culture. There is a large amount of movie fans in Hong Kong. 2. Popcorn is known as the best partner for movies, the constantly flourishing of film industry in Hong Kong will lead to an explosion of needs of popcorn. 3. Hong Kong is an international prosperous city, many local residents has a relatively high disposable income. . The continue growth of tourists in Hong Kong, especially the tourists from Mainland China, as well as the their strong consumption power. 3. 4 Threats Competition is a dynamic process that our competitors would also switch their strategies that may lead to some turnover marketing circumstances. Based on the analysis of our target market, there may be three potential situations, which can be threats to our popcorn shop. 1. Other brand-famous popcorn stores may expand their locations.Since one of our essential strengths is our location in Langham Place, if other brand-famous popcorn shops also have inclination about expanding to the location near our shop, it would be a threat for us. 2. With the growing popularity of popcorn, the snack stores locate inside the theaters may provide more flavors popcorn to the customers. 3. There is oth er more tasty and healthier alternative snacks for customers when they have a movie. 4. 0 Target Markets Generally speaking, the people who like to eat popcorn will be our target customers.Specifically, based on geographic segmentation, local residents and tourists of Hong Kong would be our target market that deserve our fully concentration on developing our own customer bases, as well as establishing our very brand awareness. 4. 1 Local residents who like popcorn or movies 1. Typical users Geographically, those Hong Kong people who live in the urban area–New Territories and Kowloon–would be our major typical users. In 2011, around 45% of the Hong Kong population is living in New Territories and around 30% of them lives in Kowloon.Demographically, those local residents, female or male, who are about 15-44 years old with average monthly income more than HKD10,000 or monthly spending more than HKD200 on snack food can be identified as our typical users. Additionally, peo ple who will go to theater for movies more than four times a month will be defined as our heavy users. 2. Size and growth of this target market In 2011, the population in HK was about 7,067,800, and the average population growth rate had increased by 0. 72% compare to 2005.In terms of population of our target market, the amount of population of 15-44 years old is around 3,135,300, which accounts for 44. 4% of the total population. 3 In the recent years, the film industry in Hong Kong is booming. Regarding to the film industry in Hong Kong, in 2010, the box office gross was HKD1,339 billion, and, in 2011, this number grew to HKD1. 379 billion. The total number of films that released in 2011 was 276, which included 56 Hong Kong local films and 220 foreign films. In addition, the number of attendance was 87,517 and the attendance rate was 75. % in 2011. Moreover, according to a survey co-conducted by the University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Picture Industry Association in 2008, 58. 3% of those people who went to a movie would buy various amount of popcorn as their â€Å"companies† for the next 120 minutes at the theater. 3. The real â€Å"buyer† in this target market The real â€Å"buyer† of our product is mainly the same as our typical users. However, the male customers may account for a larger amount of them. Because when a couple goes to see a movie, the male will usually be the one who pends his money on the popcorn and share it with the female, given in the Hong Kong culture. 4. Main characteristics of this target market Our typical customers’ main characteristics can be described on two fronts. First, these people are deeply influenced and attracted by the film culture in Hong Kong, which is one of the most fundamental branches of the Hong Kong local culture. Second, according to the data from Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong, among the people who is 18-44 years old, the average monthly income of them is HKD13,600. 5. Reasons why this target market is attractiveEvidently, there are two main reasons why these typical users of us, who are the 15-to-44-year-old local residents with over-average incomes, will be substantially attractive to our popcorn specialty store. Firstly, these typical users have been living in Hong Kong for some years that they may be fundamentally influenced by Hong Kong local culture, especially by the film culture in Hong Kong. Loving movies can be a major incentive for them to be willing to spend money to have movie in theaters. And popcorn, as one of the most ideal companies in theaters, can be one the last things our target market want to miss.Secondly, these young residents have relatively open-minded customer awareness, easier to accept new brands that have distinctive brand images. Moreover, they are relatively high-income citizens living at a fashion lifestyle city and willing to spend more on snacks or recreations. 4. 2 Tourists 1. Typical users in this target market Geographically, tourists form Mainland China will be our target customers, especially who are from 4 main cities in China – Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai. Demographically, the tourists between 15-44 years old, male or female will be defined as our target customers. 2.Size and growth of this target market In 2011, Hong Kong received record-high visitors from around the world, which was totally 41,921,310, a remarkable increased by 16. 4% over 2010. Tourism generated value added of HKD 74. 6 billion in 2010 and the inbound tourism accounted for the largest share of the value added of tourism, which was HKD 59. 2 billion. Compared with 2005, this value added increased by an average annual rate of 12. 5%. Among various incomes generated from the inbound tourism, food and beverage services had HKD 6,300 millions value added in 2011. 2. The real â€Å"buyer† in this target marketThe real â€Å"buyers† are tourists, who may buy our popcorn as a souvenir or a gift for themselves, as well as for their friends. It indicates that the buyer may not be the actual user in this target market. However, we will put more attention to advertise our shop among the female tourists, since the female tourists are usually more interested in shopping and buying souvenirs. 3. Main characteristics of this target market Firstly, most of them are from Asia, especially from Mainland China. In 2011, Mainland China continued to be the largest visitor source market of Hong Kong, contributed 28. million arrivals, accounting for 67. 0% of total arrivals in Hong Kong. 7 Secondly, mid July to end August are always the most intense period for tourists to visit Hong Kong. Also, regarding to the life-cycle stage segment of overnight vacation visitors in Hong Kong, approximately 36% of the visitors are families with children, 20% of them are young single male or female, 12% of them are young couples, and 7% of them are young students. Moreover, these visitors, 15-44 years old, which will be our target customers, account for 75% of our total visitors of Hong Kong in 2011. 4. Reasons why this target market is attractive Firstly, the number of tourists is remarkably substantial and this number is increasing every year. The appreciation of most major currencies against Hong Kong dollar and the improving travel sentiment have fueled the impressive performance. 7 For the short-haul market, benefiting for the Individual Visit Scheme, which the Central Government has announced that residents from certain cities are allowed to visit Hong Kong as tourists in their personal capacity, tourism in Hong Kong is developing significantly every year.In 2011, the coverage of the Scheme has expanded to 49 cities in China since the first introduced on in 2003. 9 That means the tourists form Mainland China will continue to increase substantially. For the long-haul markets, arrivals recorded a 1. 7% increase. In particular, the United States remained the largest long -haul market with 1. 2 million arrivals in 2011, representing a 3. 5% increase. 7 Secondly, the tourists, especially those who are from Mainland China, have such a robust consumption capacity. From the source of Hong Kong Tourism Board, in 2011, the total tourism expenditure associated to inbound tourism is HKD 253. billion, which had a significant 20. 5%, increase by 2010. 8 Specifically, the average spending of the visitors from Mainland China was HKD 8,220 in 2011, which has a 10. 3% increase by 2010. 9 5. 0 Competitive Analysis 5. 1 Direct Competitor Our direct competitor will be the Garrett Popcorn Shop Hong Kong, which is a famous popcorn store overseas. Garrett is located at the International Financial Center Mall Hong Kong, where is in the central business district in Hong Kong. The IFC Mall has lots of luxury shops inside and it focus on targeting to the high-income customers. 1.The strengths and weaknesses of Garrett First, Garrett has a high reputation overseas due to its long history and consistent high quality of fresh popcorn. That is, the global brand famousness of Garrett Popcorn would be so pervasive that would attract large amount of foreign customers who is working currently at Hong Kong. Second, after concentrating on popcorn industry for more than 60 years, Garrett has already developed its very own secret recipes to mix into popcorn, like The Chicago Mix, Caramel Crisp, and CheeseCorn. These famous flavors popcorn are another stunning strength of Garrett.However, some weaknesses of Garrett Popcorn Hong Kong have been exposed to the public, which may turn to be our opportunities. According to the OpenRice, which is a popular users review and local cuisine recommendation website, based on 5 aspects include taste, environment, service, hygiene, and value for money, Garrett Hong Kong scores only 3. 8 of 5. 0 based on  the customers’ ratings. The negative reviews are mainly about the service and the value of money. Many customers comp lained about the unfriendly staff and the too expensive popcorn. 2. Our strategies to compete with GarrettBased on the analysis about Garrett Hong Kong’s strengths and weaknesses, our competing strategies can be elicited in three fronts. First is about different shop location setting that we would focus on popular shopping mall rather than luxury shopping center. Second is our popcorn price setting that would be average 20% lower than Garrett. Third is the customized services provided by us, which will customers to create their own flavor popcorn and packages. Moreover, we will pay more attention to select and train our staffs and thus provide very friendly service to customers. . 2 Indirect Competitors The indirect competitors of us will be the snack stores locate inside the theaters, which can also provide popcorn to our target customers. 1. The strengths and weaknesses of the snack store inside the theaters Firstly, it’s the most convenient location for the customer s who are going to see a movie – most of these snack store are just steps away from the theater. Secondly, the popcorn price is relatively low compare to our store. However, their weaknesses are also obviously when compare to our popcorn specialty store.Almost all of these stores just provide the sugar flavor popcorn to the customers. The very limit flavor choice and relatively low quality of popcorn are their biggest disadvantages. Additionally, these stores are usually put little effort on marketing communication with customers. 2. Our strategies to complete with the snack stores inside the theaters Evidently, our strategies to compete with these indirect competitors can be, firstly, providing discounts or advocating promotions to the customers who have a movie ticket.For example, the customers can get 10% off in our store when they present us the movie ticket on the same day. Secondly, we will implement various campaigns that strongly advertise our fascinating tasty popcor n with multiple flavors and high quality, framing an image that our target customers can have a box of satisfying popcorn with a reasonable price. 5. 3 Potential competitors The potential competitors of our popcorn shop can be defined as those snack grocery stores that can offer alternatives snacks to popcorn. Although there are various kinds of snack food with even cheaper prices in those grocery tores, however, if a customer is looking something fresh or special rather than something bland when he/she is going to a movie, these grocery stores would soon to become the very last place to satisfy him/her. Thus, regarding to our target customers, we can pay efforts in marketing communication that utilizes mass medias to frame that fresh popcorn is the best choice for movies, especially the fresh popcorn with customized flavors we exclusively provided. 6. 0 Pricing Strategies 6. 1 Pricing Strategy 1. Pricing objective — The pricing objective of Pop Popcorn Specialty Store is pro duct-quality leadership.Consistent with our store’ s marketing strategy and brand positions, the message that we seek to communicate is that we offer high quality, various tasty flavors, as well as healthy popcorn with value price. 2. Unit cost and margins — The total cost of our product will include fixed cost and variable cost. Since the various cost of raw materials are relatively low, while the cost of rent and salary is relatively high in Hong Kong. The cost of per popcorn will be lower when more popcorn has been made per day. Thus, in our price structure, the raw materials per unit cost is estimated approximately 15% of the total cost. . Competitors’ price structure comparison — Garrett Popcorn Hong Kong provides 5 flavors and 6 sizes of popcorn to the consumer. The price is quite different based on different flavors, the average price of the Garrett’s popcorn is — small HKD52, medium HKD76, large HKD96, jumbo HKD164, 1 gallon HKD334, and 2 gallon HKD639. On the other hand, nearly all of the snack stores in theater in Hong Kong just provide the sugar flavor popcorn, and the price is around HKD15 for small, HKD25 for medium, and HKD30 for large size. 4.Pricing methods — Base on the company cost, competitors cost, and customer demand, we will use the perceived-value pricing method to select our product price. In addition, based on our product-quality pricing object, we will seek to create an image that emphasizes our high-quality product with value price brand to consumer. Due to our location rent and less brand awareness, our average price will be about 20% lower than Garrett popcorn price. While our average price will be 25% higher than snack stores in theater since our store is excel in making arious tasty flavors popcorn. 6. 2 Price Structure 1. Our price list 2. Special offers In order to encourage sales we will provide access for certain customers to special prices. Such as special customer priceâ€⠀œcustomers can get 10% off in our store when they present us the movie ticket on the same day. Also, we will have a frequency reward program–membership cards which can collect points and use the points as cash to purchase popcorn in our store. Meanwhile, we will provide coupon in the special festival to our customers. 7. 0 Channels of DistributionInitially, Pop Popcorn will use a direct-to-consumer distribution model – our own specialty store and website, to determine our channels of distribution. 7. 1 Specialty store in Langham Place Pop Popcorn Specialty Store will locate in the first floor at Langham Place. The reasons why we choose this location can be evidenced on two fronts. Firstly, Langham Place Mall, located in the very heart of Hong Kong, is a quintessential 15-storey fashionable landmark and one of the most popular shopping malls for both local residents and tourists.Secondly, the UA cinema at the 8th floor in Langham Place is the nearly the most popular mo vie theater that has not only the highest attendance rate but also the best box office in Hong Kong. Thus, being located first floor in Langham Place, we can have an exclusive advantage to build up an intense connection with a large amount of our target customers. Not only the people who are shopping in the Langham Place can easily purchase our popcorn, but also the people who will go to see movies. As we mention about, everything is about film in Pop Popcorn Shop.The decoration style in our shop will be full of the film elements. As well as our staffs’ uniform. Buoyed by researches, which suggest that as much as 70 percent to 80 percent of purchase decisions are made inside the retail store, firms are increasingly recognizing the importance of influencing consumers at the point of purchase. Regarding to our popcorn shop, especially because of our low brand awareness at the very beginning, not only the display of our popcorn is important, but also our salespeople is essential for leading customers’ purchase decisions.On the other hand, when the consumers know our brand and come to purchase popcorn, salespeople may also play an important role to provide a very best purchase experience to these customers. Thus, lots of attention will be paid to manage our sales force through the selection, recruitment, training, motivation, compensation and evaluation sections in order to provide our customers the very best salespeople, who are sophisticated in customer service and fascinated by Pop Popcorn’s brand culture. 7. 2 Pop Popcorn’s own websiteThe very own attractive and interesting website of Pop Popcorn will provide a substantially rich source of our store and product information, including our featured popcorn, distinctive customized service about the flavor popcorn and packages, etc. Moreover, various of promotions, membership activities, and latest movies news, trials, especially those information about local Hong Kong movies can be fou nd on Pop Popcorn’s website, in order to establish its very own brand awareness that combines fresh tasty popcorn with Hong Kong film culture.In addition, our user-friendly and security purchase system in the website provides a convenient way for consumers to purchase our popcorn no matter for themselves or for their friends as a gift. 8. 0 Marketing Communications Pop Popcorn’s marketing communication strategy will, initially, endeavor to establish our very own brand awareness among our target customers in order to develop our customer base. Essentially, the message that Pop Popcorn aims to communicate is that it offers high quality, various tasty flavors, as well as healthy popcorn with value price.In addition, there are various efficient approaches for us to convey this message to our target customers, which includes the own website of Pop Popcorn, online and offline advertising, sales promotions, interactive marketing and event and experience campaigns. 8. 1 Pop Po pcorn Website The Pop Popcorn Web site focus on providing a rich source of product information with a fascinating website typography and design. Specifically, various information about our popcorn flavors, customized tin services, or promotions would be easily accessed to our customers in the website.In addition, the Pop Popcorn website will also provide a user-friendly purchase system for customers to order their popcorn online, so that they easily purchase our popular flavors popcorn or their customize flavor popcorn for themselves and their friends. 8. 2 Advertising 1. Online advertising Since one segmentation of our target customers is the local residents who likes to eat popcorn or likes to see movie, we will focus on put our online advertisement on the film websites, where the movie lovers usually browse and access to film information.Also, advertising Pop Popcorn in the local popular video websites, like Youtube and Tudou, which has huge traffics would be an extraordinary way to establish our brand awareness, creating customers’ craving for our popcorns. Meanwhile, in order to cover another group of our target customers–tourists, websites about travel guides, travellers’ reviews, and travelling recommendations about Hong Kong will also be our prior choices to place our online advertisements.We will seek to communicate that Pop Popcorn Specialty Store is one of the last things tourists want to miss when they travel in Hong Kong. 2. Offline advertising We will put our advertisement on the magazines that our target customers usually like to read, such as food magazines, film magazines, and travel magazines. Also, we will post outdoor advertising at the famous shopping places, where are popular to tourists and local residents — especially the shopping malls that have theater inside. 8. 3 Sales PromotionsIn order to stimulate our short-run sales at the very beginning and build our long-run brand equity, we will offer multiple sale s promotions to consumers. We will focus on giving away our popcorn samples because this consumer franchise-building promotion can provide a chance for customers to try our tasty popcorn. Also, we will offer coupons to encourage purchase of larger-size units and attract switchers away from competitors’ brands. Moreover, a frequency rewards program will be provided to customers in order to show our appreciation to them and increase their brand loyalty. . 4 Social Media With the pervasive development of social medias, we will create our official account or page on the popular social networks, like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Pinterest, which will ultimately be a major platform for us to collect customer views and interact with customers, as well as a major platform for us to frequently update our news and upcoming promotions. 8. 5 Events and Experiences Pop Popcorn will establish a membership organization and focus on creating our own events and experience to create consumer and media interest and involvement.For example, we will organize gratuitous film talks for our members to share their movie reviews, and other relative events. At the same time, we will try to sponsor and cooperate with local film production companies. The Hong Kong films are typically low-budget when compared with American films. 3 So it’s possible that we can sponsor some local films with low cost. Since film culture is one of the most prominent characteristics of Hong Kong culture, cohering Pop Popcorn with Hong Kong film industry will not only help us to develop a large customer base of movie fans and tourists, but also increase our brand equity. . 0 Budgets for 3 Years 9. 1 Revenue Forecast The revenue forecast in the first year will be HKD 1,580,000(USD 203,820) after the relatively large amount of expenditure on marketing communication. Being boosted by the online and offline advertisements, as well as our very own established brand awareness, the revenue forecast sho uld be expectedly increasing by 12% in the second year and increasing by 15% in the third year. 9. 2 Product Cost The variable costs include the popcorn kernel, flavoring and other relative supplies will account for 20% of the total sales revenue.The fixed costs include salary, rent and facilities. Specifically, the salary will be increased by 6% per year in order to maintain the staff's’ satisfaction. The rent of our store will remain the same in three years according to the contract, and the facilities expense is a one-time expenditure, which refers to the costs on the popcorn machines and the store renovation cost. 9. 3. Marketing Communication Expense Related to the marketing programs described in the previous section, our marketing communication expense included six aspects.The cost of building our own website will be relatively large in the first year. The online advertising budget will increase by 10% per year while offline advertising budget will decrease by 10% per y ear. The mainly cost of sales promotions are for free popcorn samples and printed coupons, which will decrease by 5% per year. On the other hand, the social media communication budget will increase by 20% and the events budget will increase by 15% per year since we will dedicate to have a border and deeper relationship with our customers. 9. 4 Total Budget for 3 Years 10. Reference Citations

Familiarizing students with basics of the science branches

The MYP 3 scientific discipline class incorporates basic information, cognition, facts, and practical applications of the scientific subdivisions, which are biological science, chemical science, and natural philosophies. The purpose of the class is to familiarise the pupils with the constructs and rudimentss of the scientific discipline subdivisions and to guarantee they develop appropriate accomplishments in managing theoretical scientific cognition presented in talk and practical applications offered in school research labs.Course aims:The MYP 3 scientific discipline class aims are based on the MYP aims. It encourages and enables pupils to: 1. Develop wonder, involvement and enjoyment towards scientific discipline and its methods of enquiry. 2. Acquire scientific cognition and apprehension. 3. Communicate scientific thoughts, statements and practical experiences efficaciously in a assortment of ways. 4. Develop experimental and fact-finding accomplishments to plan and transport out scientific probes and to measure grounds to pull a decision. 5. Develop critical, originative and asking heads that pose inquiries, work out jobs, concept accounts, justice statements and do informed determinations in scientific and other contexts. 6. Develop consciousness of the possibilities and restrictions of scientific discipline and appreciate that scientific cognition is germinating through collaborative activity locally and internationally. 7. Appreciate the relationship between scientific discipline and engineering and their function in society. 8. Develop consciousness of the moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental deductions of the pattern and usage of scientific discipline and engineering. 9. Observe safety regulations and patterns to guarantee a safe working environment during scientific activities. 10. Engender an consciousness of the demand for and the value of effectual coaction during scientific activities. Categorization of life beings â€Å" Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plants and animate beings † . Metamorphosis and enzymes. Plant and animate being cells, specialised cells, tissues, conveyance mechanisms between cells and their environment ( diffusion, osmosis, and active conveyance ) , cell division † miosis and mitosis † . Chemistry: Chemical forms: solid, liquid and gas atoms, sub atomic atoms, atomic construction and isotopes. The Periodic Table: Elementss and the periodic tabular array, alkali metals, alkalic Earth metals, passage metals, halogens and baronial gases. Bonding: Ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Acids and bases: Properties of acids and bases, pH graduated table, neutralisation, mundane illustrations. Physicss: Beams and Waves: Beams and visible radiation, Torahs of contemplations, level and curving mirrors, refraction of visible radiation, lenses, mundane utilizations of mirrors and lenses, transverse and longitudinal moving ridges, wave equation. Appraisal: This class will utilize assortment of assessment tools including hebdomadal quizzes, unit trials, presentations, undertakings, lab work, aˆÂ ¦.etc. Most of these appraisals will be assessed harmonizing to the following MYP standards: Standard A – ONE Universe: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to derive a better apprehension of the function of scientific discipline in society. Students should be cognizant that scientific discipline is a planetary enterprise and that its development and applications can hold effects for our lives. One universe should supply pupils with the chance to critically measure the deductions of scientific developments and their applications to local and/or planetary issues. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? explain the ways in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues. aˆ? discuss the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues. aˆ? discuss and measure the moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental deductions of the usage of scientific discipline and its application in work outing specific jobs or issues. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil states one manner in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues – The pupil remarks upon the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues. -The pupil states how scientific discipline and its application interact with one of the undermentioned factors: moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental. 3-4 -The pupil states the ways in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues -The pupil states the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues -The pupil states how scientific discipline and its application interact with some of the undermentioned factors: moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental. 5-6 -The pupil describes the ways in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues. – The pupil describes the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues – The pupil describes how scientific discipline and its application interact with some of the undermentioned factors: moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental. Standard B – Communication: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to go competent and confident when pass oning information in scientific discipline. Students should be able to utilize scientific linguistic communication right and a assortment of communicating manners and formats as appropriate. Students should be cognizant of the importance of admiting and suitably citing the work of others when pass oning in scientific discipline. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? usage scientific linguistic communication right. aˆ? usage appropriate communicating manners such as verbal ( unwritten, written ) , ocular ( in writing, symbolic ) and communicating formats ( research lab studies, essays, presentations ) to efficaciously pass on theories, thoughts and findings in scientific discipline. aˆ? acknowledge the work of others and the beginnings of information used by suitably documenting them utilizing a recognized referencing system. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil uses some scientific linguistic communication. -The pupil communicates little or no scientific information. -The pupil paperss limited or no beginnings of information. 3-4 -The pupil uses some scientific linguistic communication right. -The pupil communicates scientific information moderately efficaciously. – The pupil paperss beginnings of information in a bibliography. 5-6 -The pupil uses scientific linguistic communication right. -The pupil communicates scientific information efficaciously. -The pupil paperss beginnings of information including bibliography and in-text mentioning. Criterion C – KNOWLEDGE AND Understanding: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to understand scientific cognition ( facts, thoughts, constructs, procedures, Torahs, rules, theoretical accounts and theories ) and to use it to build scientific accounts, work out jobs and explicate scientifically supported statements. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? recall scientific cognition and usage scientific apprehension to build scientific accounts aˆ? use scientific cognition and understanding to work out jobs set in familiar and unfamiliar state of affairss. aˆ? critically analyze and evaluate information to do judgements supported by scientific apprehension. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 – The pupil recalls some scientific thoughts, constructs and/or procedures. -The pupil applies scientific understanding to work out simple jobs. 3-4 -The pupil describes scientific thoughts, constructs and/or procedures. -The pupil applies scientific understanding to work out complex jobs in familiar state of affairss. -The pupil analyses scientific information by placing parts, relationships or causes. 5-6 -The pupil uses scientific thoughts, constructs and/or processes right to build scientific accounts. – The pupil applies scientific understanding to work out complex jobs including those in unfamiliar state of affairss. -The pupil analyses and evaluates scientific information and makes judgements supported by scientific apprehension. Criterion D – SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to develop rational and practical accomplishments to plan and transport out scientific probes independently and to measure the experimental design ( method ) . At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? province a focussed job or research inquiry to be tested by a scientific probe. aˆ? explicate a testable hypothesis and explicate it utilizing scientific logical thinking. aˆ? design and carry out scientific probes that include variables and controls, stuff and/or equipment needed, a method to be followed and the manner in which the information is to be collected and processed aˆ? measure the cogency and dependability of the method. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil efforts to province a focussed job or research inquiry. – The method suggested is uncomplete. -The pupil suggests simplistic betterments. 3-4 – The pupil states a focussed job or research inquiry and makes a hypothesis but does non explicate it utilizing scientific logical thinking. -The pupil selects appropriate stuffs and equipment and writes a largely complete method, adverting some of the variables involved and how to pull strings them. -The pupil makes remarks on the method, or the accuracy/precision of the informations. -The pupil remarks on the cogency of the hypothesis based on the result of the probe. -The pupil suggests some betterments to the method or makes suggestions for farther enquiry when relevant. 5-6 -The pupil states a clear focused job or research inquiry, formulates a testable hypothesis and explains the hypothesis utilizing scientific logical thinking. – The pupil selects appropriate stuffs and equipment and writes a clear, logical method, adverting all of the relevant variables involved and how to command and pull strings them, and depicting how the information will be collected and processed. – The pupil makes remarks on the method, and the truth and preciseness of the informations. -The pupil makes remarks on the how the hypothesis is supported or non by the data/outcome of the probe. -The pupil suggests realistic betterments to the method and makes suggestions for farther enquiry when relevant. Criterion E – Processing Datas: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to roll up, procedure and construe sufficient qualitative and/or quantitative informations to pull appropriate decisions. Students are expected to develop analytical thought accomplishments to construe informations and justice the dependability of the informations. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? collect and record informations utilizing units of measuring as and when appropriate aˆ? organize, transform and present informations utilizing numerical and ocular signifiers aˆ? analyze and construe informations aˆ? draw decisions consistent with the informations and supported by scientific logical thinking. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil collects some informations and efforts to enter it in a suited format. -The pupil organizes and nowadayss informations utilizing simple numerical or ocular signifiers. -The pupil efforts to place a tendency, form or relationship in the information. -The pupil efforts to pull a decision but this is non consistent with the reading of the informations. 3-4 -The pupil collects sufficient relevant informations and records it in a suited format. -The pupil organizes, transforms and nowadayss informations in numerical and/or ocular signifiers, with a few mistakes or skips. -The pupil states a tendency, form or relationship shown in the information. -The pupil draws a decision consistent with the reading of the informations. 5-6 – The pupil collects sufficient relevant informations and records it in a suited format. – The pupil organizes, transforms and nowadayss informations in numerical and/or ocular signifiers logically and right. -The pupil describes a tendency, form or relationship in the informations and uses the informations to convey meaningful information. -The pupil draws a clear decision based on the right reading of the informations and explains it utilizing scientific logical thinking. -Numerical signifiers: may include mathematical computations such as averaging, or finding values from a graph or tabular array. Criterion F – Attitude IN SCIENCE: This nonsubjective refers to encouraging pupils to develop safe, responsible and collaborative working patterns in practical scientific discipline. During the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? work safely and utilize stuff and equipment aptly aˆ? work responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment aˆ? work efficaciously as persons and as portion of a group by join forcesing with others. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil requires some counsel to work safely and some aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. -The pupil requires some counsel to work responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. -When working as portion of a group, the pupil needs frequent reminders to cooperate with others. 3-4 -The pupil requires small counsel to work safely and small aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. .-The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. – When working as portion of a group the pupil cooperates with others on most occasions. 5-6 -The pupil requires no counsel to work safely and uses stuff and equipment aptly. -The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. -When working as portion of a group, the pupil cooperates with others. Student Teacher 0 0 . The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1 – 2 1 – 2 . The pupil requires some counsel to work safely and some aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. . The pupil requires some counsel to work responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. . When working as portion of a group, the pupil needs frequent reminders to cooperate with others. 3 – 4 3 – 4 . The pupil requires small counsel to work safely and small aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. . The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. . When working as portion of a group the pupil cooperates with others on most occasions. 5 – 6 5 – 6 . The pupil requires no counsel to work safely and uses stuff and equipment aptly. . The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. . When working as portion of a group, the pupil cooperates with others.

Different approaches to the Study of Psychology

This paper discusses different approaches to the study of psychology and shows their relevance to the understanding of offending behaviour. A generally acceptable definition of psychology is that it is the science of the behaviour of living organisms with an emphasis upon human beings. With roots in the Greek psyche (life or self) and logos (logic), psychology is the scientific study of observable behaviour that we can observe directly or measure with instruments (Baucum, 1999).Therefore, in general, psychology means the study of behaviour, and it follows that if we learn to understand the way people SHOULD behave by a methodical, logical study, by the same manner we should gain some insight and understanding into why some deviants behave the way that they do.Cognitive psychology is one of the major approaches within psychology and can be contrasted with the behavioral view (a focus on observable behavior), a psychoanalytic view (a focus on the unconscious), a humanistic view (a focu s on personal growth and interpersonal relationships) and a social cognitive view (a focus on the social environment as it impacts personal qualities such as thinking and feeling. ) An important distinction between the behavioral and cognitive or humanistic views is the importance of feedback.For behaviorists, the most important feedback comes in the form of the application of consequences from the environment. The cognitive, as well humanistic, would focus on the importance of internal feedback. The social cognitive view considers both types. (Huitt, 2006) Of course the term offending behaviour does not relate just to criminal activities but to any type of behaviour which can be seen as deviant. There is no doubt that the use of psychology can be very useful and effective in criminology, one of the most obvious examples of offending behaviour.If this work is not done correctly, however, the effect can be frustrating and can slow down the entire procedure. It is therefore very impor tant to do this kind of work systematically and effectively (Victoroff, 2005) According to David Lester in his book entitled â€Å"Theories of Personality† (1995), there are three major approaches to the explanation of human behaviour. He lists these as intrapsychic explanations, physiological theories and simple learning theories. He explains intrapsychic explanations in the following manner: They are explanations that use concepts based upon psychological processes and structures within the mind.These processes may focus on the contents of the mind such as particular desires, emotions or thoughts (Lester, 1995). Loosely, psychologists employing this method to understand, perhaps, why pedophiles act in the way that they do, or what would cause a man to want to rape. It may also lead to the understanding of self image, and what would cause, for example, a person with a low self image (in his mind the fault of his mother) to want to take revenge upon all women. It typically de fines and utilizes more complicated mechanisms such as defense mechanisms, complexes and system principles (Lester, 1995)The second method listed by Lester also focuses on the individual but as opposed to using mental processes to explain human behaviour, it relies upon the physiology of the brain. This is the Physiological theories approach – William Sheldon and Hans Eysneck have proposed classic physiological theories of personality – and recent advances in biological psychiatry look as if they may form the basis for modern, improved physiological theories of personality (Lester, 1995).One can see that this type of approach may be very useful in the study of a variety of neurological disorders, including perhaps schizophrenia – it may allow heightened understanding of why the patient has split personalities – or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or even disorders which fall into the depression category such as Bipolar Disorder. The third approac h given by Lister focuses upon the environment (or the situation) of the individual as the source of explanations for human behavior.Social Learning Theory takes into account the fact that humans are more complex than lower animals, and introduces a limited number of intrapsychic processes (mainly cognitive elements) in order to provide a more complete understanding of the behaviour of human beings. (Lister, 1995). There definitely seems to be truth in this. Take for example a woman who is ordinarily of a sunny disposition. Her friends may notice that for a few months she has been moody, lethargic, withdrawn, and generally not interested in anything.This is probably indicative of something being wrong, and further exploration may reveal to the friends that the reason for this offending behaviour is that she is under severe financial stress, for example. Lister also says that while all of the above pose a variety of answers to the understanding of human behaviour, the truest is proba bly a combination of all of the above (Lister, 1995). Take the example of a well known person who is known to have exhibited offending behaviour – Robert Thompson, who as a 10 yr old participated with Jon Venables in the killing of 3 yr old Jamie Bulger.All of the approaches described above can be used in the analysis of the following information. Born of an abusive father and an alcoholic mother, he had five older brothers who assaulted him. His father left the family after viciously assaulting his mother. Reminiscent of William Golding’s novel The Lord of the Flies, the older brothers bullied the younger into submission. Robert did try to be a good son and would help his mother in the kitchen and babysitting the younger ones, trying to provide support.Robert was not aggressive as much as sly. He skipped school, but when he did attend he was not considered a troublemaker. Teachers thought he was shy and quiet, yet manipulative of others, and didn’t expect much from him. Other kids avoided him. (Courtroom Television Network, 2005) Sometimes he talked tough, trying to act the role of a Thompson, but he was not considered violent or aggressive. He roamed the streets of Walton at 1 a. m. His mother Ann sometimes hid his shoes to keep him home.Unfortunately, Robert’s abuse at the hands of his older brothers began to repeat in his treatment of his younger brother. He intimidated his younger brother, but they shared a strange bond. At night, they would lie in bed together, sucking one another’s thumb. (During the course of Robert’s trial Ryan began exhibiting disturbing behavior. He wet his bed regularly, set fires in his room, and gained weight. He seemed jealous of the attention Robert received and his mother was fearful that he would do something equally horrible to get the same treatment.)Using the approaches listed above we can begin to understand the mind of Robert Bulger, and use this information to prevent further li ke crimes from occurring. This paper has discussed different approaches to the study of psychology and shown their relevance to the understanding of offending behaviour. We can see that using a combination of the different approaches to psychology is probably the best way to get at the truth.

Evaluation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evaluation - Essay Example lso plays crucial role in every aspect of life, to work in a proper flow, and facilitates our capacity to advance in knowledge acquisition which is imperative and enables us to fit in the current competitive world. When students graduate from college there is a tendency that most of them are still uncertain of their accomplished degree. It is imperative that they take decisive measures in determining the career paths to that fit exactly in personality, future goals, and primary interests. Before getting into the higher education it is better they take an initiative and plan career which will assist them student to focus on their major and preferred field of professionalism. It is of great pertinence that whether careers direct our study or we will direct our career goal. The importance of career planning tends to be a fundamental a gateway to the students. As social scientists have long evaluated, the vast majority of Americans aspire to attaining excellent careers, which can be generally defined to encompass complex of elements such as decent job, career goal, and self-actualization. Therefore, the four year period undertaken by students to complete their college education has created a pathway for the attainment of these goals. However, the general perception of most people is that, it is more imperative for a high school graduate to go to college rather than take a decent job offer right out of high school. Given the importance of higher education, it is hardly surprising that access to higher education has assumed, at least in the public’s mind, the status of a virtual right. The public’s logic is straightforward. Since a college degree is closely linked to a good job, to deny a motivated and qualified student access to a higher ed ucation is to say to that person, in effect, â€Å"You have no chance to become full partner in American life.† This idea is clearly unacceptable to the vast majority of Americans. In order to access a better job as well as

Essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Question - Essay Example For example, considering that patriarchal social systems are the norm during the time of revelation, one can see why the choice of a male messenger of God in the form of Prophet Mohammad strengthened the status quo. What Wadud seems to be implying is that although there is no dispute about the revealed word, its documentation and dissemination was exclusively done by men, making it susceptible to sub-conscious (if not deliberate) gender bias. Seen in this perspective, the Holy book could be interpreted as a divine code meant to apply only to men and which employs masculine language and viewpoints throughout. With this new understanding it is then a natural course of action to reinterpret the text from a female point of view, by discounting historical patriarchal prejudices and attitudes toward women. Added to this there are limitations of language itself, which is found inadequate in encapsulating the numinous and transcendent into the range of common human experience. However sophisticated the syntax, grammar and flexibility of Arabic languages, they cannot capture experiences that are beyond words. This could mean that there is a divergence between divine intent and the Holy Quran. Also, divine revelation is a process and not an event. This was true even during the life of Prophet Mohammad, when divine guidance did not cease to arrive to him till his last days. So, if one sees the guidance provided by Allah as perennial and emergent, there is plenty of scope for constructing a fair and just code for womens role in society. If one would accommodate these adjustments to the reading of Quran, as the author Amina Wadud proposes, the the text ceases to be as oppressive for women as it is made out to be. I largely agree with the authors assessment and her suggestions for a progressi ve reinterpretation of the Quran. 2.

The Family dynamic has impact on child development Research Paper - 1

The Family dynamic has impact on child development - Research Paper Example It is my theory that the family dynamic does affect child development and the factors that affect the family dynamic the most are financial security of a family, birth order, family structure, parental involvement and parental employment. These factors all seem to play a major role in Child development. FINANCIAL SECURITY: The first article that will be examined is the Canadian Council on Learning (2007) Report on the State of Early Childhood Learning and pertains to family income and how it impacts the family dynamic & childhood learning. Income is not as important as is developing countries a significant discrepancy was demonstrated in this study. Firstly in a study, 19% of children from low-income families were considered to have delayed (Academic) development compared to 14% of other children. Moreover the paper also demonstrated that 28% of young learners from low-income families demonstrated delayed development in Number Knowledge Assessment as opposed to 14% of other (Non-low income) families. Although this study mainly focused on the effect of poverty on young families and what this poverty would mean for young learners probably the most important point that was excluded is the current economic climate of North America. This article was published in 2007 when the economy wa s performing much better than it is right now and ultimately one could postulate that the declining economic condition in the global economy means that more and more young learners are going to be negatively affected and ultimately we may see sliding results on number knowledge assessment and delayed (academic) development. BIRTH ORDER: The next main article that will be covered is Vercilo’s (2010) article which postulated that birth order affects the characteristics and physiological development of Children. Ultimately there are three schools of though on this mater insofar as some psychologist believe that birth order has no effect, modest effect or a great deal of effect on a

The write choice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The write choice - Assignment Example Amnesty International, an international human rights organisation has also argued that capital punishment is the ultimate denial of for human rights. They argue that since death penalty is the premeditated taking of a human life by a government, it is the ultimate disrespect for human life and therefore should not be allowed. Today, United States, according to Amnesty international has the fourth highest number of executions in the world and together with the first three countries (China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia) make up over 91% of total executions in the world (Gill, para 1). This has raised concerns especially seeing that USA is in the company of the most undemocratic nations in the world such as China and Iran. One of the biggest challenges in justifying death penalty as a way to bring justice to victims of murder and their family is the fact that it is possible to wrongfully convict a person. If a person in convicted of any other crime and imprisoned and later seen to be not guilty, they can always be acquitted. If on the other hand a person is executed and later new evidence shows that he was not guilty, there is no way of bringing back that person to life, which would mean that the government will have committed murder. According to Robertson (221), there is always a chance that a person can change and should therefore be given a second chance by preserving their lives. Robertson, Diane. Tears From Heaven: Voices From Hell: The Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty as Seen Through the Eyes of the Victims of Violent Crime and Death Row Inmates Throughout America. New York NY: iUniverse, 2002.

Political Parties and Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Parties and Elections - Essay Example In other circumstances, parties might choose to form coalitions with disparate interests. It has to be acknowledged that parties in the United States are very powerful for they determine the fate of all citizens1. Ambition in Political Parties Politicians are very ambitious people. Although some choose to stay in their current offices for several terms, others aspire to go to higher offices. In addition, some politicians want to be politics for short periods. This implies that it depends with the politician to know his or her ambitions. Career ambition decides the behavior to be exhibited by the politician. His/her hopes and expectations for the future are the main driving force that helps the politician in making decisions. Majority of political leaders possess progressive ambitions and as a result, they aspire for higher offices. Politicians make policies that satisfy the needs of their constituents at the given time and in future, in order to ensure success. It has to be noted tha t one cannot achieve higher office if s/he lacks ambition2. Although majority of Americans believe that the president is a powerful person who makes all the decisions for the country from white house, Richard Neustadt in his book Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents, believes otherwise. The president’s power is guaranteed in the constitution, the prestige of Washington, abroad, and the country at large. However, article II of the constitution, which defines the powers of the president, does not guarantee that everything that he (presidents) commands he achieves. This means that the president must always ensure that the people around him are persuaded and thus willing to do what he believes is good for the country. The fact that United States of America is a democratic country means that there is separation of powers so the president is not the sole decision maker in the country. The ability and the power to pursued help in ensuring that the policies implemented by the president are able to pass and become law. This can be attributed to the fact that the president in the US does not change legislation alone for it needs approval by the respective houses. If the president is unable to persuade legislators to pass his policies then chances are high that most of these policies will not go through. This is the reason why Neustadt (1990) notes, presidency is not a place for amateurs. Presidents should act in a prospective manner in order to make sure that the decisions he makes today will help him persuade tomorrow3. Power of Politics Obama exercises the power to persuade because he understands that his policies cannot pass without the support other legislators.4On the other hand, Schlesinger acknowledges that the US presidency is becoming too powerful, such that people are not concerned on checking it. He attributes this to the powers that the presidency exercises because of domestic policy, foreign policy, and the affairs that go on in secrecy. Sinc e the president is the commander in chief of the armed forces, he has the authority to defend the United States but the power of declaring war is vested on the congress. This means that the president can make decisions that will cause death or injury to other people who are deemed as a threat to the country5. In his time at the office, Obama has ordered the killing of Somali pirates who had hijacked a ship with American crew. In addition, he ordered

How Efficient Are The Oral Anticoagulants Over Warfarin Assignment

How Efficient Are The Oral Anticoagulants Over Warfarin - Assignment Example On the other hand, the action new oral anticoagulants in the body; dabigatran, in this case, can be reversed using hemodialysis. This method works to remove dabigatran from the body in 3 hours hence it can be used to treat dabigatran toxicity. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban are eliminated from the body through the renal system. Before their administration, clinicians are advised to diagnose and ascertain the patient's creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. This will help in determining the dosage requirement for various patients. In warfarin administration, there is no agreed mechanism of administering the dosages to patients. The drug has been in use for 60 years yet clinicians do not have a clear basis for determining the right amount of the drug to be administered to patients. Various factors that inhibit the function of warfarin have been identified and they vary from patient to patient. This makes it difficult for clinicians to ascertain the correct dosag e for various patients. This is one of the reasons that make warfarin less effective and more dangerous compared to the new oral anticoagulants. All the above arguments present evidence against the use of warfarin. It limitations has made it ineffective for clinical use but despite this, it is still used by clinicians all over the world since there is no established cure for the conditions it treats. New oral anticoagulants, on the other hand, have been found to have lesser flaws and are more effective in treating patients with nonvalvular AF.

Professional management practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Professional management practice - Essay Example Hence the organization must be prepared to face the consequences. The SIMS.net is a good alternative for the manual register system. SIMS will provide more benefits to the school when compared to the existing manual register maintenance. Change management is a process of transition where the staffs, resources have to be modified according to the change. The changes in the organization must be specified well in advance. This will avoid the problems that may arise due to change. Management of change is a tedious task. The changes and the corresponding requirements must be known. (Wilhelm, 2003).This can be achieved by conducting a study in the organization. A change must be done based on a framework. (Rodd, 1994).This framework will have predefined set of tasks and methods that have to be followed. By using this framework the organization can proceed with the proposed changes. This will ensure that the modifications take place in a structured manner. There are various types of changes that may take place in an organization. The changes can be made on the organizational structure, technology that is being used or in the management policies. Before implementing a proposed change, the company must conduct a feasibility study. This study will help the management to know the current situation and position of the organization. Then based on the results of the study the organization can decide whether to implement this change or not. Change management involves several tasks. Once a change is made it has to be assessed on a periodical basis. This will ensure that the changed system works well and it does not incur any loss to the company. The change management must be planned accordingly so that the employees co-operate and work in the system. The staffs must be given proper training to work on the system. Change management is a process that consists of several steps. It is a step by step routine that helps to

Organization research for communication major Assignment

Organization research for communication major - Assignment Example Choose a bona fide organization in which you eventually would like to be employed or could imagine requesting to do a career interview with a key employee there. The organization you choose should include the type of job position you wish to have in the first five years after graduation, or wish to know more about because you might be interested in having that job within several years after graduating. This job should be a realistic possibility within five years of graduation. Indicate answers to the following questions based on the research you conduct, and specify the source(s) for each answer right after the information you supply for each question (except for [a]). Sources are likely to extend beyond the organization’s own website. b. Its locations including headquarters/principal place of operation and the full street address of the location in which you are most interested in working? Its headquarters is at 37 Broadview Drive, Wallingford, CT 06492 (Creative Solutions Services, 2014). Retrieved from http://www.css-llc.net/index.php/contact-us c. The organization’s mission statement and the values it communicates publicly? Their mission statement appears to be: â€Å"We provide a true partnership approach and act as an extension of our clients organizations† (Creative Solutions Services, 2014). Retrieved from http://www.css-llc.net/index.php/about-us/our-firm Creative Solutions Services (CSS) is an executive search firm and staffing solutions provider that renders permanent placement, contract to hire, VMO, and consulting services. We specialize in finding top talent in Investment Banking, Private Equity, Alternative Investments, Technology, Operations, Sales, Media, and Consumer Goods. (Creative Solutions Services, 2014). Retrieved from http://www.css-llc.net/index.php/about-us/our-firm e. The organization’s history, beginning with the date founded/operations began? It was founded in 1996.

Hunting essay Essay Example for Free

Hunting essay Essay The morning was cold and dark as I crept through the familiar terrain towards my favorite hunting spot. After getting situated in my tree stand I patiently waited for the woods to light up. As the glowing sun started to rise, nature began to come to life. The birds were chirping, squirrels were out looking for their nuts and I was patiently waiting to see a deer. This was the first day that I got the chance to take my brand new Browning deer rifle into the woods. Not long after greeting the rising sun I heard the familiar and non-mistakable sound of a deer quietly walking through the woods. I could tell it was getting closer so I stealthily picked up my gun and scanned the woods looking for any movement that would give away the position of the deer. Finally I saw him, a good looking six pointer. As I steadied my aim I squeezed the trigger and sent a bullet flying towards him. I knew I made a good shot because the deer tore through the woods for about thirty yards and crashed to his death right beside the creek. After dragging the deer out of the woods I got to brag to the rest of the guys in my hunting club. At the time it was the biggest deer that I had killed and was thrilled with it. We ate lunch then dad and I got the luxury of skinning, gutting and quartering up the deer so that the meat could be put into our cooler. Now that the first deer of the day had been cleaned, it was already time to head back to our stands for the afternoon hunt. As I climbed back into my stand, I once again got situated and pulled up my trusty new deer rifle. Nature was still very active which always makes for a good hunt. I always enjoy just observing nature while I am hunting even if I do not kill anything. About an hour had passed as I began to hear something loudly barging through the woods. It didn’t take long for me to spot the obnoxiously loud group of turkeys. As I glanced over the group of turkeys one of them stuck out like a banana on a plate full of oranges. It was an albino turkey. I wanted to shoot so bad, but at that time of the year turkey season was not in so she luckily got to scratch and dig for food with no worries of harm. After the turkeys made their way to a new spot in the woods I began to calm back down from the exciting encounter with an all-white turkey. I had never seen anything like it before. About an hour before dark nature was dead calm. There were no noises to be heard at all. As a hunter I get the feeling when something is about to happen. It is my sixth sense. After a short time had passed, I would say thirty minutes I heard the soft, carefully placed footsteps that only a deer can make. I looked over my right shoulder and immediately sighted the big bodied whitetail walking towards me through a hardwood thicket. I cautiously stood up and got my gun ready for the shot because I knew this deer had to be a buck due to his enormous body size. I put my scope on the open spot where he should have walked out. When he entered the shooting lane the first thing I saw through my scope was a large set of shining antlers. As my heart began to beat even faster buck fever took over me. I swung my scope to his body and centered the crosshairs dead on his shoulder. I squeezed the trigger once again and made another great shot. The deer dropped right in his track with all four legs tucked in under his body. I was so enthused that I immediately called my dad who answered his phone asking me right off hand what I had killed. Still shaking with excitement I managed to get out the words really big buck, come quick and look at this deer. I rapidly climbed down out of my stand and walked up to the deer with a huge grin on my face. Dad got there shortly after and saw the deer. I honestly think he was happier than I was on my great, successful hunt. We got our four-wheeler and got this deer out of the woods. When the rest of the guys in our hunting club saw the deer they were in awe at the size of it as well. It was a nine point buck with a twenty inch spread and his most unique feature was the five inch drop tine that hung down from his left main beam. This is still my most successful hunting trip yet and I still have the title to the largest deer that has been killed in our hunting club. Since this was the first day that I had taken my brand new Browning a-bolt deer rifle chambered in the 300 wsm cartridge, I gave it the name of ol’ faithful. Still to this day just thinking about that evening puts a huge grin of success on my face.

Mekong River Upstream Privileges And Downstream Threat Environmental Sciences Essay

Mekong River Upstream Privileges And Downstream Threat Environmental Sciences Essay The Mekong River (Langcang Jiang) is located in Southeast Asia, and it is considered as the seventh largest river in the world in terms of discharge and the tenth longest river in terms of length. Its origin is at Tibet Plateau, Yunnan Province, China, then flowing 4200 kilometers through Myanmar, Laos PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, and finally through the extensive delta in Vietnam into South China Sea. The Mekong basin contains full of natural resources including fishes and other aquatic diversities living in that region. The body of river is divided into two parts. First, the upstream part includes its origin in Tibet Plateau belongs to China and Myanmar and the downstream part is belonging to Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The study reported that the Mekong River would benefit to hydropower production, expansion of irrigated land, reduction of the threat of flooding in the delta region, natural resources and the extension of navigability of the river as far as northern Laos. Th e catchment is resource rich and is represented as largely under-utilized. It also lies with a geopolitical region that benefit to riparian states in terms of politic, economic and environment development. Given this, the Mekong stands out as one of Southeast Asias most pressing and large scale resource and environmental management concerns. Moreover, the riparian states importantly depend on the Mekong River due to its abundance of resources; as a result, they ultimately formed a committee to maintain Mekong river regime. That is Mekong Committee in 1957. From this time, the principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedure specifically concerns with development of Mekongs resource have been maintained and changed through this regime. Inter-state conflict vis-à  -vis the use of the Mekong Rivers water resources emerged for the first time in the early 1990s. The dispute was employed as leverage in a disagreement between Thailand and Vietnam over the fair and equitable utilizat ion of the Mekongs water resources. At a deeper level, it reflected broader concern regarding strategic shifts throughout Southeast Asia and in Thai-Vietnamese relation following the peaceful conclusion of the cold war. The device of the committee is to coordinate the lower Mekong basin (Mekong Committee) and designed to facilitate the use of the Mekongs resource since 1957. In 1995, a new arrangement was established that Mekong River Commission (MRC) was renewed to deal with the management or the issues of sovereignty, non-interference and condition of interdependent. The Mekong River Commission consists of the lower basin countries including Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Moreover, among the riparian states of Mekong basin, China is the most upstream country and a political and economic superpower in the region. China has often been considered to exhibit unilateral behavior toward the lower Mekong River riparian. MRC is not the only institution in the Mekong Basin, many oth er mechanisms such as the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) which includes China as a major partner was agreed to establish in 1992. The sub-region is covering 2.30 million square kilometers and feeds around 250 million head of total population. There are four international rivers within this sub-region, namely, the Greater Mekong River, Irrawady River, Yuanjiang-Honghe (Red) River and Nujiang-Salween River. All of the four rivers flow from Yunnan Province into respective Mainland Southeast Asian Countries. Among them, the three rivers of Mekong, Irrawady and Yuanjiang-Honghe are with great potentials for water transport development. These rivers could become water passage and transport network connecting Chinas Yunnan Province with the five Mainland Southeast Asian countries by joint cooperation and development. In following section, I will explain the main issue in Mekong River Basin Upstream privilege, downstream threat, and some mechanisms to deal with this complex issue. Upstream Threat The upstream countries are considered as China, Myanmar and Lao PDR in Mekong River Basin. They claim resources and development in their occupied areas in upper Mekong Basin. As a matter of fact, most of the riparian states try to extract as much as benefits as they can such as dam development, hydro power plan, energy project and navigation or passageway since the Mekong River is regarded as one of the mainly rich in resources for those purposes. Therefore, the country put much attention on development in Mekong Region. Of course, among the upstream states and all the riparian countries, China emerges as the most powerful state, and it is also the super power in the world in term of economy and more likely in the future the military super power. The industrialization of Chinas economy from agriculture base, it needs many factors to improve its economy such as electricity as the main part, raw materials, transportation, tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Moreover, as a strong economy in Mekong reg ion, China acts unilaterally in relation to development of dam. China adopted two approaches to ASEAN countries especially in Mekong River Basin. Beside this, it projected many plans for dam development to transfer energy to Chinese industries consumption and navigation. The first approach is non-cooperation, meaning it develops its own plans by itself without negotiation with other sovereign countries in Mekong River region. However, the downstream see it as a threat because the development might change the natural flow of river. Sometimes, it may cause the serious flood in rainy season and drought in dry season in the lower countries such as Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. Therefore, the downstream countries try to get China in negotiation in order to make better use of Mekong River resource and sustainable development in that area. In 1970, Chinese planners began planning a scheme of the mainstream of upper Mekong in Yunnan involving 7-8 dams which can produce the capacity of 15, 550 KW or 17% of Chinas project on power demands (Pech SokhemKengo Sunada, 2008). The second approach is that China has implemented the active engagement with Mekong river shareholders as well as the ASEAN members. It sees the advantages of cooperating with ASEAN countries particularly the downstream countries including Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In November 2001, Chinese Premier Zhu Rong Ji provided $5 millon for major shoals, rapids, and reefs along the 331 Km Mekong River stretch from China-Myanmar border to Luang Prabang. In addition, China provided fund as well as the technical assistance to downstream for dam development or hydro power plan. Therefore, China plays an active role in investment in regional energy trade in downstream countries. In 2005, Chinese Premier, Wen Jia Bao, promised at 2nd GMS summit, China would like to cooperate with other Mekong members for future energy development and dam plans, and he also laid out Chinas plan for Common prosperity with each other in Mekong region. It tries to foster mutual trust, treat each other with sinc erity to calm down the downstream countries perception to China. All in all, even though China has cooperatively with other upstream and downstream countries, it still serves as China interest in term economy and power. The main threats to downstream are as following (i) dredging of river bed in the upper Langcang Mekong for improving the commercial navigation; (ii) large scale dam plans in Yunnan, China and ambitious dam development; (iii) Cambodias concern over flooding from the flood control measures along Vietnam -Cambodia border; and (iv) Vietnams grave concern over flooding and dry season low flow in the Mekong Delta due to the upstream development and so on. Downstream Impact Previous section, I have mentioned the Chinas acting in international relation with ASEAN states especially in Mekong River Basin. China usually use it sole power to develop many dam projects in order to develop its economy since it now needs much electricity for factories and water to connect from Yunnan province to South East Asia countries. Therefore, China makes change the natural flow of water in Mekong river basin. On the other side, downstream countries including Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam are affected by hydropower plant in Mekong basin. Particularly the most affected ones are Cambodia and Vietnam for they are located in lowest part of Mekong River. However, I would like to focus on overall threat to downstream states and effect of water management in Cambodia as a result of upstream unilaterally adopted project on those areas in their country. Actually, countries in downstream states are living in the complex ecosystem. As the Mekong River serves water resources and natural resources and benefit to roughly 60 million people, the people are accordingly affected by eight large dams in Yunnan province, China. More importantly, most of the dam projects of China do not have environmental impact assessment. Sometimes, the negative impacts do not need hundred years to see the environmental deterioration. For instance, hydropower project, Xiaowan, was started in December 2001 and expected to finish in 2012. This dam development is at 292 meter height and considered as the highest dam project in the world; however, the impact on Lao PDR is that it will meet flood in the dry season. Another case in Vietnam, it will cause the serious flooding in Southern part of province. Moreover, the large dam project not only causes the flooding in downstream countries, but also they many incur other crises including ecosystem, aquatic diversities, climate change, uncontrollable flooding, food scarcity, prolong floods and droughts, decrease sedimentation biodivers ities, deforestation, land clearance. Now lets look at some particular impact as following: Destruction of fish and fisheries: flooded in dry season will seriously damage the fish-feeding. Impact on agriculture: 80% of rice production in lower Mekong basin depends on water, silt, nutrient provided by seasonal flooding of Mekong. Flood in dry season will erode and decrease sediment and it affects long-term agricultural yield. IV. Cambodia Challenge: Water Management in Cambodia After getting familiar with upstream and downstream problem, I will elaborate more on Cambodia case. Cambodia is located in downstream countries among riparian states in Mekong River Basin. This location can either give opportunities for Cambodia or threaten the water management in Cambodia. In fact, 85% of agricultural activities in Cambodia, depends on Mekong River flowing from upper stream countries. The benefits which Cambodia can get are that due to potential situation it can absorb many resources such as fish and other aquatic biodiversities that move from upper stream because of changing of water management in those countries. Prior to explaining the water system and challenges that Cambodia face, I would like to describe about brief background of Cambodia. Cambodia is situation in South East Asia and located in latitude between 10o and 15o in North and Longitude between 102o and 108o in East. It covers roughly 181,035 km2 in territory and has total population around 14 million people dispersed in 24 province and 4 cities. The people mostly gather in city of Phnom Penh due to the fact that it is the economic, politic, cultural city of Cambodia. Among total population, 71% are farmers, 21% are employed in service sector and 8% works for industrial sector. Since most of population are doing agricultural activities; therefore, it needs high and systematic water supply to operate this field. The question is that where can Cambodia access the water for supplying its agricultural activities. In fact, Cambodia can access the water from two main sources such as from Mekong River and Great Lake ( Tonle Sap) located in center of the country. During the wet season, water will flood the surrounding areas and especially the water supply from Mekong River Delta and Tonle Sap all in all will direct to Great Lake; as a result, it will lead to the flood. Whenever there is a flood, it will bring the tilt and nutrition to the soil which was flood; therefore, it is useful for agriculture and cultivation. In addition, due to the fact that Cambodia highly depends on water supply from Mekong River; the changes in water flow in Mekong River Basin will accordingly damage the agricultural and cultivating area in Lower Mekong River especially in Cambodia since the 85% of the flow of river is situated in Cambodia. Moreover, there are many causes that can damage to the water supply in Cambodia. First of all, the upper stream countries such as China, Myanmar and Lao PDR developed 14 hydropower plans which can get generate the capacity of 222,600 MW. Since the Upper stream countries developing their dam project particularly in China, it may block the flow the water to run the engine to produce the fulfill the dam process; there will incur irregular flow of water; as a result, the fish resources will decrease due to alternation of ecosystem. Moreover, people will usually depend on fisheries will lack of fish, therefore, their income will accordingly lower. Furthermore, in mid-2006 downstream states agreed to develop 11 dam projects comprising of 2 in Lao PDR, 2 for Thailand, and 2 for Cambodia. As a result of the developing the plans for dam projects for hydropower plans to generate the electricity for local consumption, it is seriously affects the livelihood in Mekong river. That can reduce the quantity of fish supply particular in Cambodia. All in all, due to the plan of dam projects in both of upper and lower stream in Mekong River Basin, the suffer will likely affect the livelihood and species. V. Solution to the problem: Suggestion to the use of GMS As I have mentioned in the previous section about the challenges of downstream of Mekong Basin especially Cambodia which is one of the large stake country in Mekong River Basin, in this section, I will introduce some proposed solutions which suggested by countries in Mekong River as well as external superpower countries call for water protection since the world will be facing the water security in the future if there are not enough mechanisms to manage it. Therefore, in order to make sustainable consumption of Mekong River, every involving state has responsibility to cooperatively work with all the members in Greater Mekong River. If there are not suitable methods or system to control the effective use of Mekong River, it may be in one day damaged, and it will cause serious catastrophe among riparian states particularly downstream countries namely Lao PDR, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam such as flooding in rain season and disastrous drought in dry season in low areas of Mekong Basin. In order to cope with this problem, there are many mechanisms to deal with this issue ranging from strengthening of the role of Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) to the newly established of Lower Mekong Initiative (LMI). In 1992, the concept of Greater Mekong Sub-region was proposed by Asian development bank (ADB) for promoting all involvement of all member states in Mekong River including China, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. This regional cooperation is partitioned to promote building relationship among riparian states of Mekong River for express idea platform, negotiation platform, and sharing information platform. It facilitates the cross-boundary negotiation since every member has to share the idea when they want to develop the plant in Mekong Basin. If there is not information sharing from each state; therefore, the state will cause damage of water usage in Mekong River as the fisheries stock availability inside the Mekong River. To this instance, the cooperation is very useful and necessary because state can receive information and take action in prevent the crisis from happening. Thats why it is deemed necessary to strengthen the role of GMS. Beside this, the GMS can includ e all member states especially China which is the most upper stream of the basin since China formerly act unilaterally on its dam projects and power plants in upper stream, which can cause serious damage to lower stream of water use and fisheries stock. Moreover, the effective mechanisms are being used for dealing with any kinds of issue regarding the Mekong River. In brief, we will see the sharing information in regional cooperation will help strengthen the make use of water as well as the resources in Mekong River too. Following the establishment of regional cooperation, Greater Mekong Sub-region, the states in low basin also try to build firm relationship for effective use of the river and help each other for any necessary skill and ability building. In 1995, the states such as Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam initiated the Mekong River Commission (MRC) for regional economic cooperation. In the MRC, each member tries to work together for better use in Mekong River. Moreover, they conduct the meeting every year in order to share the idea and information in term of power plant development and other dam projects that may affect the water flow to lower delta of the river. Furthermore, each member every year meet each other to strengthen more relationship and study on dam project from upper level to lower level of Mekong River. MRC is very useful in term of regional cooperation since 1995 because the states regard as an effective commission for sharing idea in term of water use in the basin. Moreover, in 2009, the Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for creating the Lower Mekong Initiative (LMI) in Waters Day. This creation aims at promoting more tied relationship among member states. There has been much regional cooperation in order to make better use and sustainable development of water and resource in the Mekong River because if there is no maintenance or cooperative work, we will meet the crisis in the future. In conclusion, upstream states lead to many effects on downstream countries in terms of economic, politic, and environment. Therefore, downstream ones call for regional integration among riparian states along Mekong River. Moreover, Mekong River Committee plays significant role in coordinating and promoting cooperation in Mekong River Basin. Many referendums and treaties have been signed in order to ensure the sustainable use of resources and benefits. In addition, Greater Mekong River embraces China to negotiation and cooperation. We will see the role of GMS to solving the internal conflict in Mekong River.

A Review Of The Book Genghis Khan History Essay

A Review Of The Book Genghis Khan History Essay In the book Genghis Khan and the making of the modern world Jack Weatherford tells the story of Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire and how it became to be the beginnings of the modern world. Genghis Khan was the most powerful and influential leader during the thirteenth century. In just about thirty years Genghis Khan and the Mongol army conquered more land ever conquered in world history. Genghis Khan was a leader of strength and ideas; he created fear all throughout Eurasia. Despite the fear he put on Eurasia, Genghis Khan united many different cultures and races. Genghis Khan made many innovations during his thirty years ruling the Mongol empire such as making warfare more revolutionized, expanded routes of trade, they invented something that was called the printing press with movable type, and he put laws against torture and gave the people a freedom to religion. Many more innovations were made during Genghis khan and his grandsons rule that made the foundation for the modern wor ld. Not all leaders are born leaders. Genghis Khan as a little boy was not a likely person for being such a powerful and leader of the Mongol empire. He was just like any ordinary hunter and gatherer on the steppe. Genghis Khan; although ordinary he did face many terrors during his childhood. He was kidnapped and forced to be a slave for killing his first victim Begter by a tribe called the Tayichud.(26) This was the beginning to the start of his determination to get revenge on every tribe that gave terror to him in his childhood. His main goal was to conquer and to destroy the aristocratic feudal systems that were going on while he was trying to rule the biggest empire of all time. The beginnings of his campaigns were really just raids to get supplies and to do so he needed a tactic to get fear running through the territory was going to conquer. Genghis Khan; well not yet the ruler; created tactics such as frightening the other side by upsetting the enemys spirit banners. (47) That was the start of many tactics and innovations in warfare. He had produced a new type of steppe army based on greater variety of tactics, they were no longer an attacking swarm of individuals; they were now a united formation (62) He organized his army into groups and they should fight together as brothers, (52) like in any family of brothers in which the eldest had total control, the eldest man took the leadership position in the Mongol arban, but the men could also decide to choose another to hold this position (52) by this being allowed in the Mongol army it went against the belief that eldest men are always in control so it was a sense of a political kind of democracy. Warfare, although important in creating the Mongol empire, wasnt the only thing that marked the start of the Mongol empire and foundation to the modern world. With his organized warfare Genghis Khan united all people after he conquered a tribe or territory. He brought people from different places of the steppe and united them no matter what race or religion they were. By doing this; He had abolished the distinction between black and white bones, all his followers were now one united people. (53) Before Genghis Khans rule there was always a sense of kinship and tradition; by uniting every person he conquered there was a greater sense of friends and community. He had shown that rather than relying on the bonds of kinship and tradition, members of his tribe could now look to Temujin for direct support; he greatly centralized the power of his rule while at the same time strengthening the commitment of his followers.(51) He was a leader not a king that controlled every aspect of peoples l ives. People of the tribe are comfortable with the knowing that they are always protected by Genghis Khan. That is something that the modern world is known for. People are safe in their homes knowing that they have a leader but they can live their own lives too. Although warfare and uniting the people of different cultures and religions were big steps toward making the modern world, Genghis Khan made many laws. These laws are seen in our constitution today or just common sense to the people of the modern world. Some of these laws that Genghis Khan made were that he forbade the kidnapping of women,(68) he forbade the taking and enslavement of any Mongol(68), he forbade the selling of women into marriage(68), like we see today, theft was made a criminal offense(69), he also forbade the hunting of animals between certain months because their breeding time(69), and he made the law that every person from his family must be elected by a khuriltai(69) which is the people or jury. Torture was something him and his army didnt do to the people he conquered and he defined that to be a just Mongol, one had to live in a just community. (70) These laws reflect the laws we have now in the modern world. There were many laws to enforce so Genghis Khan needed some kind of supreme judge to punish the thieves and criminals. (71) These laws and how he managed the people through a large body of land has shown that Genghis Khan was a great leader and wanted the best for his people. Making of the new world was based on many aspects including freedom of religion. Nowhere else in the world did anyone have that kind of freedom of religion as in Genghis Khans empire. When he conquered a tribe or territory he took people from different religion backgrounds into his tribe and he never forced one type of religion on them. This step in his empire made the rest of the world have religious freedom. Genghis Khan did many things that the rest of the world never knew they can do. Trade and free commerce were the steps towards making the modern world.(234) He expanded trade from Asia to the Middle East and he destroyed cities that were not necessary.(105) On the spot of the cities he would make routes of trade. He made the selling and buying of goods easier for the people. (119) With trade being so easy because of Genghis Khans renovation of trade routes diplomatic immunity had come about which was a policy held between government which made sure that diplomats can pass freel y and safely to the next country or territory. Although trade was important for the Mongol Empire to flourish and made the foundation for the modern world; there were things that come with trade such as paper money, printing, and the compass. The compass was the Mongols invention but with this invention it stayed a good tool for hunters and the modern world today. Printing with movable type was another innovation of the Mongols and Genghis Khans grandson. The invention of printing quickly escalated to the making of paper money. The invention of paper money was a big aspect of the making the modern world. Paper money made trade easier and lighter. Before paper money people would trade one thing for another to get what they wanted or needed. Now in the modern world people use money every day and do not understand where it was first recognized; by the Mongols. The Mongols conquered many territories. When the Mongol empire was at its powerful place it went from the Korean peninsula in the east and it was on most of china and Russia territory including Vietnam and Cambodia in the south but it never hit Europe. All these territories were ruled by Genghis Khan but even before Genghis khan was the great leader of the Mongol empire there were many other nomadic tribes trying to conquer and influence their neighbors also. In the China during the time of the Shang and Zhou dynasties circa 1800 500 BC nomads from the north brought influences with them such as chariot ware fare, but they were not conquered buy them. The Mongols conquered almost everywhere they stepped foot on but although Europe was not conquered by the Mongols but they got many influences from them. Jack weatherford states that Although never ruled by the Mongols, in many ways Europe gained the most from their world system (234) The Europeans received all the benefits of trade, te chnology transfers, and the global awakening without paying the cost of Mongol conquest.(234) Some other nomads that tried to conquer and change the world were the Aryans in India circa 1500-1000BC. They invaded northwest India and brought in a new language, Sanskrit, cattle and horses. Like the Mongols; Aryans made big innovations in India when they invaded. Also similar to the Mongols they added to diversity. Although the Aryans conquered Northwest India they forced a new language on them unlike the Mongols who instead they learned from their conquests and the people they took in to their empire. Another nomadic group that tried to conquer was the Vikings which were smart enough to use ships to transport their people and goods which are much cheaper than going by foot. The Mongols also after a while of conquering on horses or by foot they realized that ships and having a transportation system was better and much more efficient. The Mongols like any other army were linked with murder and terror. Jack Weatherford although tells the story of the Mongols as an army, he also tells the story of how Genghis Khan did everything in his power not to kill people that were able to give up and go to his side. Genghis khan gave people a chance but if they betrayed him in any way he would do something worse to them. Genghis Khan conquered many cities and territories but he took the people with him and did not torture or kill them. He united people of all different races and religions so he could develop empires which lead to modernization of the modern world. He had to kill the aristocratic powers to be a powerful ruler. Genghis Khan was a very fierce leader who conquered everywhere he went so he could be one more step toward innovation and modernization.